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"[110] The dispute escalated when Harrison named as Secretary of State Daniel Webster, Clay's arch-rival for control of the Whig Party. . Democrats mocked him as General Mum and said the Whigs were keeping their aged candidate locked in an Iron Cage. Then Harrison accepted an invitation to speak at a celebration of the siege at Fort Meigs. University of Kentucky, Copyright 2023. [36] He became chairman of the Committee on Public Lands and promoted the Land Act of 1800, which made it easier to buy Northwest Territory land in smaller tracts at a lower cost. Harrison argued that the Great Spirit would have made all the tribes speak one language if they were to be one nation. I ask nothing more.. Nevertheless, the couple married and bought a log cabin and a large piece of property from Symmes on the north bend of the Ohio River about thirteen miles west of Cincinnati. President James Madison removed Winchester from command in September, and Harrison became commander of the fresh recruits. FELLOW-CITIZENS: Before my arrival at the seat of Government the painful communication was made to you by the officers presiding over the several Departments [32] The eastern section continued to be known as the Northwest Territory and consisted of Ohio and eastern Michigan; the western section was named the Indiana Territory and consisted of Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, a portion of western Michigan, and the eastern portion of Minnesota. [32] In 1804, Harrison was assigned to administer the civilian government of the District of Louisiana. [91] In any case the plan, if there was one, failed. [97] Harrison won a landslide victory in the Electoral College, 234 electoral votes to Van Buren's 60. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/william-henry-harrison-1773-1841 [46] The territorial capital was eventually moved to Corydon in 1813, and Harrison built a second home at nearby Harrison Valley. 100 Charlottesville, VA 22903 (434) 924-3296. [55] He donated $100 to encourage Lemen with abolition and other good works, and later another $20 to help fund the church known as Bethel Baptist Church. Gazlay. Over a six-year period, Harrison acquired more than 64 million acres of land from Native American tribes on terms far more favorable to the U.S. government than to the Indians using a combination of annuity paymentswhich he could also threaten to withhold from recalcitrant tribesand outright bribes, by playing tribes against one another, and by buying territory from tribes with dubious land claims. In an address to the Hamilton County Agricultural Board in 1831, he said that he had sinned in making whiskey and hoped that others would learn from his mistake and stop the production of liquors. In May 1834, Harrison was appointed clerk of courts of the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas in Cincinnati, a lowly position for a man of his political ambitions. [75], Harrison and Michigan Territory's Governor Lewis Cass were responsible for negotiating the peace treaty with the Indians. After hearing news of her husbands election, Anna Harrison said: I wish that my husbands friends had left him where he is, happy and contented in retirement.. [26][27] In her 2012 biography of Harrison, author Gail Collins describes this as an unlikely story, although White believed it to be true. Some of Harrisons grown children lived in his house; one grandson born there was Benjamin Harrison, who in 1889 became the twenty-third president of the United States. WebWithin five minutes of an infantry attack toward the Indian lines and a mounted militia attack towards the British center, the British retreated in panic, led by their general Henry Proctor, who reportedly galloped past his men in the retreat back towards Moraviantown. Could words have killed our ninth president? William Henry Harrison is the first presidential candidate to give campaign speeches for his own candidacy in his groundbreaking Log Cabin and Hard Cider campaign, which features huge rallies and the first involvement of women in presidential elections. [10] With the influence of his father's friend, Governor Henry Lee III, he embarked upon a military career. [5] Judge Symmes' doubts about him persisted, as he wrote to a friend, "He can neither bleed, plead, nor preach, and if he could plow I should be satisfied. On January 26, 1841, Harrison left Cincinnati for the March 4 inauguration in Washington, D.C. His grandson Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd president of the United States (188993). [103] He intended to rely on the judgment of Congress in legislative matters, using his veto power only if an act were unconstitutional, and to reverse Jackson's spoils system of executive patronage. Pennsylvanians fought under the hero, and they loved him. On March 26, a team of doctors was summoned to treat the president for pneumonia, although he also displayed gastrointestinal symptoms. The house was his military headquarters from 1813 to 1814. Harrison was promoted to captain in 1797 and, for a brief period, served as commander of Fort Washington, resigning from the army in June 1798. Harrison resigned from the army in 1798 and was appointed secretary of the Northwest Territory by President John Adams. [5], When Harrison was reappointed as the Indiana territorial governor on February 8, 1803, he was given expanded authority to negotiate and conclude treaties with the Indians. The dispute was the catalyst of a disagreement between Harrison and the Department of War, which continued into the War of 1812. The campaign slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too" became one of the most famous in American politics. They noted for the voters what Harrison's name would be when spelled backwards: "No Sirrah". The president was William Henry Harrison, who had been sworn in on March 4, 1841. Some Indians disputed the authority of the tribes joining in the treaty. The following year, Harrison was elected the territorys delegate to Congress in Philadelphia. [123], The prevailing theory at the time was that his illness had been caused by the bad weather at his inauguration three weeks earlier. https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Henry-Harrison, Ohio History Central - Biography of William H. Harrison, GlobalSecurity.org - William Henry Harrison (March -April 1841), Encyclopedia Virginia - William Henry Harrison (17731841), The White House - Biography of William Henry Harrison, William Henry Harrison - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), William Henry Harrison - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), presidency of the United States of America (1841-1841), Harrison, William Henry; Berkeley Plantation, Harrison, William Henry; Tippecanoe, Battle of. [133], Harrison's death called attention to an ambiguity in Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the Constitution regarding succession to the presidency. [32][41], Harrison began his duties on January 10, 1801, at Vincennes, the capital of the Indiana Territory. [107], Following the speech, he rode through the streets in the inaugural parade,[103] stood in a three-hour receiving line at the White House, and attended three inaugural balls that evening,[108] including one at Carusi's Saloon entitled the "Tippecanoe" ball with 1,000 guests who had paid $10 per person (equal to $312 in 2021). [86], About this time, he met abolitionist and Underground Railroad conductor George DeBaptiste who lived in nearby Madison, and the two became friends. It is possible that he was already feeling unwell, for in addressing supporters before leaving for the White House, he said he probably would not see any of them again. Harrison was appointed governor of the new Indiana Territory in 1800, where he served until 1812. Omissions? Early on the morning of November 7, 1811, the Indians attacked Harrisons camp, but his troops prevailed and burned down Prophetstown. Hoping to deny the Democrats an electoral majority, the newly formed Whig Party picked Harrison as one of the partys four candidates because of his name recognition. Despite being caught in a sudden rainstorm, he did not change his wet clothes upon return to the White House. Congress convened, and on May 31, 1841, after a short period of debate in both houses, passed a joint resolution, which confirmed Tyler as president for the remainder of Harrison's term. [2] Harrison's older brother Carter Bassett Harrison represented Virginia in the House of Representatives (17931799). The White House hosted various public ceremonies, modeled after European royal funeral practices. [5] Tecumseh informed Harrison that he had threatened to kill the chiefs who signed the treaty if they carried out its terms and that his confederation of tribes was growing rapidly. [113] Conflicting and unconfirmed newspaper reports were based on leaks by people with contacts in the White House. Tecumseh was a Native American leader of the Shawnee tribe. He was also eager to expand the territory for personal reasons, as his political fortunes were tied to Indiana's eventual statehood. President Van Buren hosted his successor at a White House dinner on February 13. [34][35] He had no authority to vote on legislative bills, but he was permitted to serve on a committee, to submit legislation, and to engage in debate. [5] Freehling claims that his expenses then well exceeded his means and he fell into debt, that Harrison chose "celebrity over duty", as he sought the adulation found at parties in New York, Washington, and Philadelphia, and that he became an office seeker. Miller applied mustard plaster to his stomach and gave him a mild laxative, and he felt better that afternoon. His son died seven years later; eight of the ten Harrison children would die by 1846, a high toll even by nineteenth-century standards. Many of the Sauk resented the loss of lands, especially their leader Black Hawk. [93] Van Buren won the election with 170 electoral votes. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Anna never moved into the White House. The popular vote margin was much closer, at fewer than 150,000 votes, though he carried nineteen of the twenty-six states. [45] Harrison founded a university at Vincennes in 1801, which was incorporated as Vincennes University on November 29, 1806. The two new territories were formally established by law in 1800. He was also passed over for a diplomatic post to Russia. [70] He received orders to retake Detroit and boost morale, but he initially held back, unwilling to press the war northward. White ran in the remaining slave states except for South Carolina. - Pleads to Harrison to take everything he has said into consideration. In one sentence, this described the new American political process. It was Harrisons ambition to become governor of the reconstituted, more-populous eastern portion of the territory. In subsequent years Harrison held several government positions. "[115], Harrison's only other official decision of consequence was whether to call Congress into a special session. Harrison's daughter-in-law, Jane Irwin Harrison, widow of Harrison's son, had served as hostess of the White House in Anna's place while Harrison was President. Tecumseh was killed in the battle, and the British-Indian alliance was permanently destroyed. Congress. A group arrived in his office on March 16 to demand the removal of all Democrats from any appointed office, and Harrison proclaimed, "So help me God, I will resign my office before I can be guilty of such an iniquity! William Henry Harrison is elected to the U.S. Senate from Ohio by the Ohio Legislature. An invitation-only funeral service was also held on April 7 in the East Room of the White House, after which Harrison's coffin was brought to Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C., where it was placed in the Public Vault. The others were Daniel Webster, Hugh L. White, and Willie P. Mangum. [139] Harrison died nearly penniless, and Congress voted his wife Anna a presidential widow's pension of $25,000,[140] one year of Harrison's salary (equivalent to about $657,000 in 2021). Corrections? [99] While Van Buren campaigned from the White House, Harrison was on the campaign trail, entertaining with his impressions of Indian war whoops, and took people's minds off the nation's economic troubles. In his time as president, he delivered the longest inaugural speech in US history, followed by a swift and permanent exit from life and political office. More than 30,000 people converged on the state capital for a parade featuring log cabins and canoes on wheels and a ten-foot-high rolling ball that inspired the phrase Keep the ball rolling. A jeweler from a nearby town wrote a song with a lyric that became the campaigns slogan: Tippecanoe and Tyler Too. The Whigs mounted elaborate rallies across the nation and log cabinthemed election merchandise took the country by storm, becoming the first campaign logo. When was there ever before such a spectacle . Brief Summary of William Henry Harrison Later, he led a military force against Tecumseh's confederacy at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, where he earned the nickname "Old Tippecanoe". He is assigned to Fort Washington in the village of Cincinnati in the future Ohio territory. On March 4, 1841, Harrison led the grandest inaugural parade to date, featuring floats, citizen marchers, and military bands, up Pennsylvania Avenue to the Capitol on his horse Whitey. "[5], In August 1810, Tecumseh led 400 warriors down the Wabash River to meet with Harrison in Vincennes. [84], Local supporters had come to Harrison's relief, by appointing him Clerk of Courts for Hamilton County, where he worked from 1836 until 1840. The physicians tried remedies ranging from laxatives and opium to a liniment made from Virginia snakeweed. Many of them began to pull their weapons, representing a substantial threat to Harrison and the town, which held a population of only 1,000. He declared he would only serve for one term in office and not abuse his veto power. As a last resort, a number of Native American "remedies" were tried, including one involving the use of live snakes. He disputed that the Indian leaders who signed the Treaty of Greenville had the authority to sell lands he believed were held in common by all tribes. [57] Tenskwatawa convinced the tribes that they would be protected by the Great Spirit and no harm could befall them if they rose up against the settlers. His nickname was "Old Tippecanoe" and he was a well-respected war Instead, Vice President Richard Mentor Johnson escorted his old commander from the Battle of the Thames to the speakers stand. [51] Biographer Freehling asserts that the Indians perceived the ownership of land was as common to all, just as the air that is breathed. His father, Benjamin Harrison, was long prominent in Virginia politics and became a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1764, opposing Patrick Henrys Stamp Act resolutions in the following year. [80] He arrived in Bogot on December 22, 1828, and found the condition of Colombia saddening. Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? They then eloped and were married on November 25, 1795, at the North Bend home of Stephen Wood, treasurer of the Northwest Territory. [11], On August 16, 1791, within 24 hours of meeting Lee, Harrison, age 18, was commissioned as an ensign in the Army and assigned to the First American Regiment. The traditional story is that his long inaugural speech led to a fatal pneumonia. [103] He resisted pressure from other Whigs over partisan patronage. They feared that the people would perceive the difference between a real and a pretended patriot, and commenced a series of persecutions against our minister, which rendered his situation extremely irksome. He won victories in the Indiana Territory as well as Ohio and recaptured Detroit before invading Upper Canada (Ontario). This strategy backfired when Harrison and running mate John Tyler adopted the log cabin and hard cider as campaign symbols. Tyler was resolute in his claim to the title of President and in his determination to exercise the full powers of the presidency. He was promoted to major general in the Army during the War of 1812, and led American infantry and cavalry to victory at the Battle of the Thames in Upper Canada.

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